作者: 技職3.0

[intro]Four days after three college students were shot dead in their Chapel Hill, North Carolina, apartment, U.S. President Barack Obama offered his and first lady Michelle Obama’s condolences to the victims’ loved ones, stating, “We are all one American family.”[/intro]

The copy warned the Little Blind Text, that where it came from it would have been rewritten a thousand times and everything that was left from its origin would be the word “and” and the Little Blind Text should turn around and return to its own, safe country. But nothing the copy said could convince her and so it didn’t take long until a few insidious Copy Writers ambushed her, made her drunk with Longe and Parole and dragged her into their agency, where they abused her for their projects again and again.

And if she hasn’t been rewritten, then they are still using her. Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean. A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country, in which roasted parts of sentences fly into your mouth.[pullquote position=”right”]Design is a funny word. Some people think design means how it looks. But of course, if you dig deeper, it’s really how it works.[/pullquote]

Even the all-powerful Pointing has no control about the blind texts it is an almost unorthographic life One day however a small line of blind text by the name of Lorem Ipsum decided to leave for the far World of Grammar. The Big Oxmox advised her not to do so, because there were thousands of bad Commas, wild Question Marks and devious Semikoli, but the Little Blind Text didn’t listen. She packed her seven versalia, put her initial into the belt and made herself on the way.

When she reached the first hills of the Italic Mountains, she had a last view back on the skyline of her hometown Bookmarksgrove, the headline of Alphabet Village and the subline of her own road, the Line Lane. Pityful a rethoric question ran over her cheek, then she continued her way. On her way she met a copy.

The copy warned the Little Blind Text, that where it came from it would have been rewritten a thousand times and everything that was left from its origin would be the word “and” and the Little Blind Text should turn around and return to its own, safe country. But nothing the copy said could convince her and so it didn’t take long until a few insidious Copy Writers ambushed her, made her drunk

 

[intro]A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. [/intro]

I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence, that I neglect my talents. I should be incapable of drawing a single stroke at the present moment; and yet I feel that I never was a greater artist than now.

I’m selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and at times hard to handle. But if you can’t handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell don’t deserve me at my best.

When, while the lovely valley teems with vapour around me, and the meridian sun strikes the upper surface of the impenetrable foliage of my trees, and but a few stray gleams steal into the inner sanctuary, I throw myself down among the tall grass by the trickling stream; and, as I lie close to the earth, a thousand unknown plants are noticed by me: when I hear the buzz of the little world among the stalks, and grow familiar with the countless indescribable forms of the insects and flies, then I feel the presence of the Almighty, who formed us in his own image, and the breath of that universal love which bears and sustains us, as it floats around us in an eternity of bliss; and then, my friend, when darkness overspreads my eyes, and heaven and earth seem to dwell in my soul and absorb its power, like the form of a beloved mistress, then I often think with longing, Oh, would I could describe these conceptions, could impress upon paper all that is living so full and warm within me, that it might be the mirror of my soul, as my soul is the mirror of the infinite God! O my friend — but it is too much for my strength — I sink under the weight of the splendour of these visions!

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文/黃正光

台灣公民社會所憂心的種種底層現象中，與技職教育有關的不乏：菁英學校訓練的學生只會考試、根本學習及邏輯能力弱化；進了校門的學子被教育成不准這樣、不准那樣、什麼都不允許的腦子以後哪能應付變化；老師不是懷抱有教無類的初衷而來教書、當然教出來的學生也沒有正確價值觀；繳稅的企業對於技專院校畢業的學生重新施予技術訓練、技職教育的設備、場地與材料之投資比普通教育要高出許多、而實際分配到的經費反而比普通教育短少；學制、課程未能與社會需求脈動結合；更嚴重的是學生實務、實作的學習時間減少和實作能力減低。

「12年國教」與「技職教育」問題必須以教育專業角度剖析，並結合當前面臨之經濟、社會、財政等重大問題，以非教育之政治手段進行統合，無法再堅持本位主義繼而固步自封。面臨嚴峻之少子化、老人化與青年住屋等影響未來教育發展問題之際，或可借鏡意大利教育家蒙特梭利結合勞工住宅與國民小學以及丹麥成人教育之父葛龍維結合學校、職訓中心、國民住宅構成完整社區，以及我國社區中心實驗學校之往例，有效利用空廢之國小校區如老松、秀朗等。可請各位教育家與專業建築師共同設計。

九〇年代過於鬆綁之技專院校設立家數過多，應直接賦予學校財團法人以現有師生得以實習或訓練型態經營公司對外營業，其中特殊專業、行業之技專院校也應獲得鼓勵，以支持其所提出之產學合作與學用合一目的計畫。只要無不適當的行為、或是違犯編列經費的依據，否則就應該行使行政裁量權予以核定。公司股本宜由師生、業界、政府出資，不與原財團法人發生財務關係，且盈虧自負。否則即允退場。退場計劃包括轉型職業訓練機構或高齡照護機構，偏遠地區學校若改為青年住宅，需考慮就業機會問題。都會區學校較無廢校、閒置問題。

接續前任遺留許多未面對或解決之問題，組織領導不可頭痛醫頭、否則輕則毫無目標、重則為人擺佈；行政學上多年推崇之「功能理論」、「組織理論」也無法繼續提供藥方；也由於政府科層體制的中層官員為了減輕工作、便宜行事，往往以沒有法律規定的就不能做。因此必然限制了很多有創造性的構想!

地方政府以技職教育之「產學合作」及「學用合一」政策，社會、教育、財政、青年等問題於一統合解決問題進程，是不分黨派、阻力最小、大眾必定支持的政策，進而可合縱影響中央政府12年國教及第二期技職教育再造等重大施政方針與施政作為為全民造福，絕對是最符合黃金比例之政策效益。如此人民對於所選出的領導以能知且行的知人善任，並以有效的管理、清新的思考及勇敢的承擔責任來帶領這個政府，方有善始。

 

圖片來源：Pixabay

原文刊載於獨立評論@天下，未經許可不得轉載

 

 

文/管中祥

大學教育越朝向職業訓練，學生實習的現象就越普遍。這幾年教育市場化、技職化日益明顯，學校及教育單位在意學生畢業後的「就業率」，家長也關心孩子畢業能否找到好工作，於是，職場實習在大學課程的安排中就越顯得重要。

對實習單位來說，固然帶實習生，特別是短期的暑假實習生，是件麻煩的事，因為不但要撥出人力「教學」，有時候學生的「工作」態度也讓人頭痛。有些公司會乾脆拒絕實習，以免造成彼此困擾，但仍有不少機構很歡迎實習生的到來，因為對他們來說，實習生至少是免費勞動力，可抒緩人事成本，特別若有大量、長期的建教合作生，更可以降低營運成本。讓學生做全職的工作，領少少的薪水，甚至不給薪。若真的「不受教」、「不好用」，也可以叫同學做些和專業無關的雜事，因為，任何的工作都能學到東西，都可以學習。

對許多科系而言，實習是必要的，透過實習不但可以理解職場上的實務，有助於未來工作的順利，同時，也可以回頭檢視理論的不足之處，說不定還有機會修正理論上的缺失。當然，有些工作裡的「默會知識」，本來就不是課堂上有辦法教的，例如，工作技能的種種細節，或者職場的各種「眉角」，特別是各樣的處世方式、權力關係及爾虞我詐，都必須在實務工作中才能細細感受和體會。

於是，在許多人會覺得，實習是為了學習，是為了未來的美景，懂得吃苦耐勞，懂得低聲下氣，以後才有機會飛上枝頭，況且合理的要求是訓練、不合理的要求是磨練，至於有沒有實習費？實習內容是不是和專業有關？反而不是那麼重要。

也因為這樣的想法，反而讓學生實習的條件更加惡化，就在教育部漠視、學校忽視、學生忍耐、業者開懷的多重因素，學生的受教及勞動權益遭到剝奪，也顯得理所當然。

學生實習的問題一直多所爭議，要出面解決的單位也很多，至少教育部及勞動部應該訂定一套合理的實習生準則，保障學生實習的受教權與勞動權，而非放任市場及雇主任意剝削。當然，如果實習是一門課，學校作為課程安排的負責機構，更有不能忽略的責任。

如果實習是一門課，那麼學校就該以一門課的標準來安排，並且以一門課的標準來驗，包括學校要確認實習課的內容與細節、學生能對實習單作教學評鑑，這恐怕是對一堂「課」最基本的要求。

不過，許多實習課程都只是系所幫學生接洽實習單位後，就放牛吃草，讓同學在實習單位自行發展、自我學習、自生自滅，課程結束後再由實習單位打分數，教學及考核的權力及義務大都交在實習單位的手上。然而，既然是一門課，就不該只是如此輕率，還有許多該做的事。

實習之前，學校是否先了解實習單位所提供的工作是否能讓同學有效學習？工作環境、勞動條件是否合理安全？校方是否事先充分告知實習可能遭遇的狀況以及因應之道？是不是有幫學生保險？如果遇到職業傷害，是不是準備好相關的救濟或賠償措施？

而在實習期間，學校是否定期了解學生實習的情況？或者與實習單位充分溝通協調？若學生及實習單位彼此無法適應，是否可以中止實習，並採取其它補救措施？

實習結束後，校方是否理解實習同學的學習成果？是否回應學生實習期間產生疑問與需求？是否蒐集學生對實習單位的意見，作為下次安排實習機構的參考？

然而，更重要的是，商場如戰場，職場也是戰場，要玩就玩真的，要讓學生去實習就應該提供整套的教育及服務。學生要學的不只是如何在實習單位學到各樣的工作技能及專業素養，還要學習各式各樣的社會關係，以及回應職場不當壓迫的能力。

在實際工作的場合，工作者不會只是所學的技能及專業能否充分發揮或適得其所，許多時候，也會面臨爾虞我詐，遭受打壓以致有志難伸，甚至公司的勞動條件不佳或者被老闆及上司不當對待，這些都是未來工作會面臨的真實景象。因此，學校不只要告訴學生如何應對複雜人際關係的技巧，還要進行相關的勞動教育，包括：相關的勞動法規，面臨問題的救濟管道，以及如何透過集體的方式保障自身的勞動權益。這些都是在職場中不能缺少的知識與能力，也是實習這堂課的必修內容。

我們當然不願意看至大學越來越走向職訓化、市場化，但如果回應社會需求是必然發展方向之一，那麼在整個社會環節下的實習課程，恐怕是不能輕忽，教育部及學校單位應該要認真對待實習這堂「課」，而非讓學生無助地在職場上任其剝削、任意漂流。

 

圖片來源：公民行動影音紀錄資料庫

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